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US I Exam I

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
The Protestant Reformation argued that
a.
a papal hierarchy was necessary for good order.
b.
the seven sacraments were necessary for salvation.
c.
a person could find salvation through good works alone.
d.
a person could find salvation through faith alone.
 

 2. 
Who of the following was the conqueror of the Inca empire?
a.
Vasco da Gama
b.
Francisco Pizarro
c.
Hernán Cortés
d.
Francisco de Coronado
 

 3. 
One of the primary founders of the colony of Rhode Island was
a.
William Bradstreet.
b.
John Winthrop.
c.
Thomas Hooker.
d.
Roger Williams.
 

 4. 
The nation that led the way for European expansion into the Americas was
a.
England.
b.
France.
c.
Portugal.
d.
Spain.
 

 5. 
Which of the following is not true of the Spanish conquistadores?
a.
They succeeded in part because smallpox decimated the Indian population.
b.
They led huge armies of 50,000 to 100,000 well-trained Europeans.
c.
They conquered two major empires in the Americas and greatly increased the wealth and power of Spain.
d.
They searched unsuccessfully for fabulous golden cities in North America.
 

 6. 
The discoverer of the Grand Canyon was
a.
Francisco de Coronado.
b.
Francisco Pizarro.
c.
Hernan Cortés.
d.
Amerigo Vespucci.
 

 7. 
The primary export of the Virginia Colony was
a.
cotton.
b.
flax.
c.
wheat.
d.
tobacco.
 

 8. 
Early Pennsylvania also was referred to as
a.
the "holy commune."
b.
the "city of God."
c.
the "city upon a hill."
d.
the "holy experiment."
 

 9. 
The most devastating weapons brought to the Americas by the Europeans was
a.
disease.
b.
gunpowder.
c.
cannon.
d.
bronze weaponry.
 

 10. 
In the English Reformation,
a.
thousands of Catholics were burned as witches.
b.
Henry VIII proclaimed himself the "only Supreme Head" of the Church of England.
c.
the monastic orders expanded their landholdings and increased church taxes.
d.
all of the above
 

 11. 
The "lord protector" who led England following the beheading of Charles I was
a.
John Locke.
b.
Oliver Cromwell
c.
William of Orange.
d.
James Harrington.
 

 12. 
All of the following were food crops grown in the Americas during the late Stone Age (Neolithic) except
a.
white potatoes.
b.
maize.
c.
oranges.
d.
tomatoes.
 

 13. 
The coureurs de bois were
a.
French tax collectors.
b.
French fur traders.
c.
French Jesuits.
d.
French craftsmen.
 

 14. 
The leader of the Norsemen who settled in Greenland was
a.
King Harold.
b.
Prester John.
c.
Leif Eriksson.
d.
Erik the Red.
 

 15. 
The monarch who sat on the English throne during early seventeenth-century colonization in North America was
a.
Elizabeth I.
b.
James II.
c.
James I.
d.
Charles II.
 

 16. 
The model for England's conquest and colonization of North America was
a.
Brazil.
b.
Ireland.
c.
New Spain.
d.
Wales.
 

 17. 
The "jeremiad" was
a.
indulgences sold by the church for salvation.
b.
the good works individuals engaged in for salvation.
c.
the rite practiced at Indian powwows.
d.
a sermon that lamented religious shortcomings.
 

 18. 
Calvinists believe that
a.
the elect earned their salvation through acts of penitence.
b.
Christians should give away all their material possessions.
c.
women were spiritually inferior and could not be saved.
d.
a person's salvation or damnation was predestined by God.
 

 19. 
Which of the following statements about early Jamestown is most correct?
a.
It was a great success.
b.
Its success or failure was unclear.
c.
It was saved by the discovery of silver.
d.
It was a deathtrap.
 

 20. 
The Dutch Republic and its North American colonies
a.
were primarily motivated by a desire to spread Christianity around the world.
b.
promoted free trade, religious toleration, and local political control.
c.
were ruled by centralized monarchial governments.
d.
were the smallest and poorest of the European empires.
 

 21. 
Each of the following could be referred to as a conquistadore except
a.
Francisco de Coronado.
b.
Hernán Cortés.
c.
Vasco da Gama.
d.
Francisco Pizarro.
 

 22. 
As of 1400, __________ mariners were the world's best.
a.
Arab
b.
Spanish
c.
Chinese
d.
Portuguese
 

 23. 
Unlike the Spanish in America, Portugal did not attempt to rule the Indian population directly, but attempted to
a.
Christianize it
b.
enslave and eventually replace it.
c.
use it as labor.
d.
remove it to Portugal.
 

 24. 
The mound builders and the Anasazi were similar in that both
a.
were the ancestors of the Mayans and the Aztecs.
b.
depended on the horse as the major beast of burden.
c.
were complex societies that developed north of Mexico.
d.
were primarily hunter-warrior societies.
 

 25. 
Quakers were persecuted for all except which of the following reasons?
a.
They believed in the absolute authority of a trained minister over the congregation.
b.
They believed that God dwelt within each individual in the form of an Inner Light.
c.
They were pacifists.
d.
They granted women almost complete social and spiritual equality.
 

 26. 
Sir Francis Drake was
a.
the Italian mapmaker for whom the continents of the Western Hemisphere were named.
b.
the founder of the colony of Jamestown.
c.
an English explorer who led an expedition to locate the "Northwest Passage."
d.
an English slave trader and pirate who raided Spanish possessions in South America.
 

 27. 
During the reign of Philip II,
a.
the Moors were driven off of the Iberian Peninsula.
b.
the Spanish peacefully mediated between competing European and Asian nations.
c.
toleration of Jews and Moslems was established throughout the Spanish Empire.
d.
the first global economic system was created by the union of Spain and Portugal.
 

 28. 
The founder of the Society of Friends, or Quakers, was
a.
John Milton.
b.
George Fox.
c.
John Winthrop.
d.
John Calvin.
 

 29. 
The staple export of South Carolina by the early eighteenth century was
a.
cotton.
b.
wheat.
c.
rice.
d.
tobacco.
 

 30. 
Which of the following is true of the Atlantic slave trade in the late fifteenth century and thereafter?
a.
Slavery did not exist in Africa until the Europeans introduced it.
b.
Europeans raided coastal villages and enslaved the inhabitants.
c.
Most slaves were first enslaved by other Africans and then were sold to European traders.
d.
The Portuguese opposed slavery and tried to prevent its extension to the New World.
 

 31. 
Which of the following is not true of the society envisioned in the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina?
a.
Nobles would control 40 percent of the land.
b.
Religious toleration was guaranteed.
c.
Slavery was prohibited.
d.
Citizenship depended on church membership.
 

 32. 
The Half-way Covenant refers to
a.
religious concessions made to those who had not had the salvation experience.
b.
the status of a couple between engagement and marriage.
c.
the responsibilities a person had to the community in which they lived.
d.
contractual landholding responsibilities.
 

 33. 
By 1645, the primary crop of Barbados was
a.
sugar.
b.
tobacco.
c.
cotton.
d.
hemp.
 

 34. 
Quakers believed that each individual could be saved by
a.
the covenant.
b.
the active involvement of church ministers.
c.
the "Inner Light."
d.
attendance in church on Sundays.
 

 35. 
The crusades influenced European expansion by
a.
establishing permanent Christian control of the holy city of Jerusalem.
b.
discouraging trade with Asian and African nations.
c.
developing a colonial economic system based on the production of staple crops by slave labor.
d.
demonstrating that the Arab nations of the East were weak and easily defeated.
 

 36. 
The most likely reason for European success in conquering the American Indian population is
a.
the superiority of European civilizations.
b.
the warlike savagery of the Europeans.
c.
the prolonged isolation of the Americas from the rest of the world.
d.
the passivity of Native Americans.
 

 37. 
The last of the original thirteen colonies to be founded was
a.
South Carolina.
b.
New Hampshire.
c.
Georgia.
d.
North Carolina.
 

 38. 
Europe's pioneer in the area of exploration was
a.
Italy.
b.
Spain.
c.
Portugal.
d.
France.
 

 39. 
Which of the following is true of the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
a.
Its original colonists were mostly educated, prosperous property owners.
b.
It was founded by English Puritans who created their own joint-stock company.
c.
Its colonists were healthier and lived longer than the Virginia Colonists.
d.
all of the above
 

 40. 
The center of the Portuguese empire in Asia was
a.
China.
b.
Goa.
c.
the Moluccas.
d.
Japan.
 

 41. 
Henry Hudson sailed for
a.
France.
b.
England.
c.
Portugal.
d.
the Netherlands.
 

 42. 
The Indian warrior who led the massacre of 1622 against the Virginia settlers was
a.
Powhatan.
b.
Opechancanough.
c.
Squanto.
d.
Massasoit.
 

 43. 
The colony that was established as a Catholic refuge was
a.
Massachusetts.
b.
New Jersey.
c.
Delaware.
d.
Maryland.
 

 44. 
The major reason that western Europe engaged in explorations in the fifteenth century was
a.
the desire to spread Christianity.
b.
to expand trade with the non-Christian world.
c.
to export domestic products.
d.
to control the oceans.
 

 45. 
The sixteenth century Catholic missions in North America
a.
were most successful in Virginia and the Carolinas.
b.
were administered by unarmed Franciscan priests.
c.
trained Indians as soldiers to protect the settlements from English and French attacks.
d.
all of the above
 

 46. 
A Dutch patroonship was
a.
about $100.
b.
a high government office in North America.
c.
a large estate.
d.
a fur trader.
 

 47. 
By the mid-eighteenth century, the most important French colony was
a.
St. Dominque (Haiti).
b.
Martinique.
c.
Guadeloupe.
d.
Canada.
 

 48. 
Under the headright system,
a.
serious crimes were punished by decapitation.
b.
the wealthiest males in the colony were allowed to go first (at the head) of community processions.
c.
a head tax was levied on every adult man and woman in the colonies.
d.
a colonist received fifty acres of free land for every person for whom he paid passage to Virginia.
 

 49. 
By the mid-sixteenth century, the most powerful nation in Europe was
a.
France.
b.
England.
c.
Spain.
d.
Portugal.
 

 50. 
Which of the following was true of Christopher Columbus?
a.
He was an Italian navigator whose four voyages to the West were financed by the Spanish.
b.
He was the first person to believe that the Earth is round.
c.
He received land, titles, and wealth from his discoveries and died the richest commoner in Europe.
d.
He accurately calculated the circumference of the Earth to be 26,000 miles.
 

 51. 
The Toleration Act applied to
a.
Rhode Island.
b.
Virginia.
c.
Maryland.
d.
Massachusetts.
 

 52. 
All of the following religious groups followed Calvinist principles except
a.
Puritans.
b.
Huguenots.
c.
Presbyterians.
d.
Lutherans.
 

 53. 
The system of labor control that allowed a person to exploit the labor force for a certain period of time was called
a.
bandeirante.
b.
hacienda.
c.
requerimiento.
d.
encomienda.
 

 54. 
Among the Quakers hanged by Massachusetts was
a.
Mary Dyer.
b.
Samuel Gorton.
c.
Henry Dinster.
d.
Anne Hutchinson.
 

 55. 
The Chinese invented all of the following except
a.
paper money.
b.
gunpowder.
c.
movable type.
d.
the compass.
 

 56. 
The Restoration colonies were
a.
Rhode Island, Connecticut, Maine, and Vermont.
b.
the smallest and least profitable colonies in New England.
c.
founded by political exiles who were driven out of the Puritan colonies.
d.
proprietary colonies founded by cavalier supporters of Charles II and James II.
 



 
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